From
Lipot Szondi, Ich-Analyse [=
Ego
Analysis]
Translated by
Arthur C. Johnston
© 2008
By Arthur C. Johnston, PhD
Please Observe: The copyright of this article (in German or =
in
English) belongs to the Szondi Institute and to Dr. Arthur C. Johnston. Thi=
s means
you may not duplicate this article without their permissions.
SECTION III
DIALECTIC* EGO ANALYSIS
[ Editor: *dialectics =3D a theory of
polarities, antitheses, contrarieties.]
INTERNAL EGO DIALECTIC
THE INTERNAL DEFENSE THEORIES
Essences and Form=
s of
the Internal Ego Dialectic
We call mental dialectic generally those c=
ooperative
opposite psychological functions that condition and maintain the unity of the soul.
Under “internal ego dialectic” we must sum up only those
reactions of opposite movements of complementary opposition, which within the ego as mutually complet=
ing
ego-like opposite functions con=
dition
and protect the internal unity =
of the
whole ego. Through the internal ego dialectic, consequently, it defends aga=
inst
the internal ego dangers -- thu=
s the
dangers through the unifunctions of an elementary function or an ego factor=
.
In opposit=
ion to
this stands the external ego-dr=
ive
dialectic and the external ego-=
affect
dialectic. This is outside of the e=
go between
the border drives (sexual drive and contact drive) and furthermore between =
the paroxysmal
drive (affect life) and the ego that moves against them and secures the com=
plete
mental life. Fate Analysis calls the outer ego-drive dialectic and ego-affe=
ct
dialectic the external defense func=
tion of
the ego.
The three =
main
forms of the internal ego diale=
ctic
are:
II. The inner factorial tendency dialectic within the same ego fact=
or;
III. The dialectic between the foreground ego [Vorder-Ich] and the ba=
ckground
ego [Hinter-Ich].
Chapter XVI
THE BETWEEN FACTORIAL EGO DIALECTIC
Dialectic Between=
Ego
Expansion (Ego Diastole)
and
Ego Constriction =
(Ego
Systole)
If one ask=
s about
the particulars in the fate analytic ego theory, then we must mention above=
all
the fact that this was developed on the dialectic and the complementary
opposite movement of two opposing functions, ego expansion (ego diastole) a=
nd
ego constriction (ego systole).
I. Ego Diastole
I. We call ego diastole the
“human” need to make conscious unconscious contents and through
that to expand the ego field.
Through th=
is
need the ego develops for itsel=
f ego consciousness, in particular h=
owever
wish consciousness. Animals hav=
e only
a perception possibility. They themselves are not conscious that they wish or what they wish. The satisfaction of the demands with animals di=
scharges
unconsciously. Humans alone are beings who know the need to make unconsciou=
s drive
striving conscious and to satisfy them consciously. The prototype of the ego
diastole is, in our opinion, in one’s development history is participation, thus the need to be=
one and
the same with the other. Through having a part in the other, one extends the
power field of the still unconscious ego. For a while the participative dem=
and
of humans is still unconscious. Only when the participation -- the unconsci=
ous union
between two beings, between mother and child ‑- encounters real obsta=
cles
and when the participative dual union becomes impossible to realize begins =
the
first making conscious of the demand: To maintain further the dual union participation with the mother.
The becoming conscious of the original wish, to be one =
with
the mother again, creates the ego. The birth of the ego is thus the re=
sult
of two processes. These are: (1.) The real crisis in the participation, thu=
s in
the dual union with the mother; (2.) the human drive to restore consciously
again the lost being one with the mother. The birth of the ego begins in the
moment in which the child is forced to perceive the twoness, the real
separation between the mother and him himself. This perception of the duali=
ty,
the being two and not being one, occurs only then when the wish for being o=
ne with
the mother has already became conscious.
One can
reconstruct therefore the processes in the ego birth theoretically in the
following steps:
1. Unconscious being one with the mo=
ther
=3D participation =3D p‑ =
phase.
2. Crisis =
in the
participation, in the dual union between child and mother; abandonment =3D =
p ± phase.
3. Becomin=
g conscious
of the wish to reestablish the participative dual union; and the perception=
of being
two; the p+ phase.
Thus is laid the foundation stone of=
wish consciousness and ego consciousne=
ss.
From now on one can speak of a conscious “ego.”
4. After t=
he wish
consciousness and ego consciousness were thus set up, henceforth constantly=
arise
new demands from out of the unconscious (p‑)
into wish consciousness (p+) wh=
ere
the wish consciousness always thus =
expands
further and further.
We say: The expansion of wish consciousness is= the result of a specific human ego need, which we call the ego diastole and ego= expanding ego need. This ego need is determined through the p drive need that as a radical causes the following phenomena:<= o:p>
1.
Pure participation as primary projection and furthermore as secondary pathological projection:=
p‑.
2.
Projective inflation: p ±.
3.
Inflation: p+.
4.
Evacuation of consciousness, absence of the p function in the foreground: p0.
1. The Original Participation
Original participation (p‑) is called the demand: To be one and the same with the
object. This original function of the ego is at the beginning still
unconscious. It appears with the child as the unconscious phase of the dual
union, in which no separation between the ego world and the you world takes
place. The world picture is still participative, adual, that is, established
without twoness. This adual participation however occurs, as we in the anal=
ysis
of the elementary ego have already emphasized, on the basis of a primary
projection. The child transfers out the power of his being onto the mother =
and
has thus ‑- by being one with the mother – a share of the power=
of
the mother. In this sense one is thus entitled to count also this original
phase of the participation as the p=
rojective
ego diastolic ego function. The legitimacy for this interpretation rece=
ived
its empirical confirmation by the experiments with the drive test. Primitive
native people, whose ego stage according to Lévy‑Bruhl is
participation, gave in the experiment actually to a considerable degree the=
ego
picture of projection adopted by C. G. Jung and me for participation. Thus =
the test
ego pictures: Sch =3D 0 ‑=
, 0 ‑!
! , + ‑! or ‑ ‑! !. (Investigations of E. Percy with Bush=
Negroes.)
Cultured people, who from any=
‑-
mostly pathological ‑- basis regress to the original form of
participative thinking, supplied the same projective ego picture.1 The
connection of participation to the elementary function of projection is thus
also experimentally proven.
2. Projective Inflation
This kind of ego diastole appears in=
two
forms: a) As abandonment, b) as =
the feminine
matriarchal Moll [soft] ego. These ego processes we will treat l=
ater
with the so-called tendency ego dia=
lectic
to understand there the abandonment as also the Moll ego as consequence of =
an intra-factorial
ego dialectic within the drive radical p.
Both are ego conditions in which projection and inflation are active at the
same time in the foreground.
3. Inflation
Inflation (p+) is the democratic [katexochen] ego
diastole. We have characterized inflation as the elementary strivings of th=
e ego
after being everything. The ego=
field
is boundlessly extended by the demand to
be everything. It places itself in an actual ego dilation that very often works within itself by being dange=
rous
to the whole fate of the person. Functionally these ego expansions occur by=
the
fact that unconscious strivings
without resistance can occupy wish consciousness up to obsession. In this obsession [Besessenheit] th=
e ego is
not able to perceive any longer=
the
contradictions of the opposites of the demands pushing into wish consciousn=
ess.
The inflative obsessed ego believes synchronously to be able to be both (mother and child, man and woman, animal =
and
human, God and servant, angel and Satan and so on). We say: Inflation is the condition in which the ego solves th=
e intolerable
opposites in such a way that it simply does not perceive the contradiction.=
The original basis for this inflatio=
n we
may assume to be phylogenetic in the wish to be a two sexual being and, in =
one’s
developmental history, in the wish to be oneself mother and child, that is =
to
be both and thus to be everything. Through the inflation the child chooses to un=
ite
the power of the mother and its own being synchronously in himself. He does=
not
need the power-giving mother any longer, since he becomes the mother. We ar=
e inclined
to consider the act of the suckling (blissful sucking) the symbol of this
inflation whereby the finger represents the substitute mother.2 =
Thus
the suckling child becomes a double=
being
of child and mother.
The same thing happens ego
psychologically in masturbation. The ego of the masturbating child doubles
itself (p+). It is one part the=
wish-longing
child, who longs himself after being one with the mother, the other part al=
so
the mother, who gives pleasure to it. In the act of suckling and masturbati=
on
the child can satisfy both the phylogenetic desire for the two sexual being=
as
well as the ontogenetic demand to be one with the mother. In both acts the
child experiences for the first time the condition of inflation. He has dou=
bled
himself in the ego.
Under path=
ological
conditions inflation often appears with adults as addiction or as megalom=
ania
[greatness delusion] or as swin=
dling
with deceitful aims, or even as a murderer.3 4 We summarize all
these ego conditions in the concept of the paranoid, and, according to whet=
her
projection or inflation becomes stronger, we speak of a
“projective” or “inflative” paranoid.
The appearance of ego diastole is thus very diverse: Participation (with primitiv=
es
and with children), projective paranoid, abandonment of the ego, the
matriarchal Moll ego, pure inflation, obsession [possession], ambitendency,
excessive craving in infancy (sucking, masturbation), addiction illnesses of
adults, the inflative paranoid, and certain criminality forms are all ego diastolic ego fates. As a part=
icular
type of character of ego diastole we have already mentioned the introverted type of Jung and Rorsc=
hach.
4. The Complete Absence of Ego Diast=
ole
We call the
complete absence of ego diastole &#=
8220;evacuation,”
the emptying of wish consciousness. This will be discussed in detail wi=
th
the external defense mechanisms.
II.
Ego Systole
This completing and opposite functio=
n of
ego diastole is ego systole.
Ego systol=
e is
the human need to contract and to limit the boundlessly expanding ego field=
.
If the radical “k,” thus the ego systole, were completely missing =
in
the ego, then the ego field, th=
e wish
consciousness and ego consciousness, with each person would expand thus
boundlessly, as it indeed happens precisely with the pathological projective
and inflative paranoids. The radical k
with its restricting function ensures the fact that the human ego and thus =
the
fate of mankind itself do not lose themselves boundlessly and continuously =
in
the direction of the paranoid.
The
ego systole is that completing (complementary) opposing ego opposite ego
diastole that precisely through constriction secures the unity and thus the
health of the ego.
Ego systole executes this securing of
the unity and the health of the ego through the radical taking of a position [Stellungnahme] against all strivings t=
hat extend
the ego field through participation, or secondary projection, or inflation,=
in
sum through ego diastole seeking to expand boundlessly.
Ego systol=
e is
thus the constricting taking a position against ego expansion. Therefore, we
call this ego part: The position-ta=
king ego
[das stellungnehmende Ich].
The position-taking ego was called in
older consciousness and thinking psychologies simply the “will,” an expression, which we avoid where possibl=
e in
ego analysis because of the term’s philosophical manifold loaded mean=
ings.
We have already discussed the two leading kinds of taking a position: Introjection as an affirmation positio=
n
and negation as denial. As a th=
ird
manner of position-taking functions the synchronous bifunction: The intronegation, which we have a=
nalyzed
partly as compulsion (k±) and partly as the masculine patriarchal Dur [hard] ego.
The fourth variation, the complete
absence of the position-taking in the foreground (k0), is called: Ego weakness or loss of position-taking.
1. Introjection
By introjection the ego can make harm=
less many
dangerous strivings and indeed through that action make have interests (k) out of being tendencies (p). Everything that the diastolic =
ego
would like to be can by means o=
f incorporation be reduced to having
interests. Thus the danger of the expansion in being is defended through the safe being interested in something for itself.
If a perso=
n wants
to be, for example, omnipotent like God, then he is mad. If he introjects
however the demands to be like God into his ego and makes out of the inflat=
ive being
tendencies scientific interests in mythology, religion, and religion
psychology, then he has defended against the danger of insanity through
inflation by the incorporation of the being striving into the k ego. Henceforth he does not want=
any
more to be God; he is content that he harbors a particular interest in the =
gods,
and thus he becomes a researcher in mythology or religion. Many occupation =
choices
occur ‑- as we have shown ‑- by introjection of the threatening
inflative or projective being striving. In place of the demand to be this or that (for example, to be a woman with the man, to b=
e a
man with the woman, to be a murderer or homicidal killer like a Cain or to =
be a
criminal, or to be persecuted, etc.) appears through the ego systole as
adequate interests: Gynecology, judicial medicine, forensic psychiatry, pub=
lic
prosecutor's office and so on.
Many diastolic strivings as being fa=
te [Seinsschicksal]
are dropped in life and reduced to character traits, which imprint the ego =
and express
themselves in occupation personalities. Character formation by incorporatio=
n is,
in our opinion, likewise an unconscious taking a position by the ego systol=
e.
The ego systole is able thus to secure the unity and the health of the ego =
through
its introjection capability by means of the restriction of the being sphere=
s through
interests, occupation choice, and character formation.
Quite ofte=
n the
ego systolic taking a position must be content with setting a relatively more easily bearable an=
d also
less anti-social systolic introjective symptom in place of a very dangerous
diastolic ego illness (paranoia). This transformation of the symptom through
the operation of the ego systole thereby forms an introjective illness symp=
tom
out of a projective or inflative symptom by incorporation of the sick diast=
olic
strivings. Into this converting category of introjection we have classified=
symptoms
in the first volume Drive Pathology as the depressive, the masochist=
ic, and
the fetishistic.5
As one of the most important systolic functions we have to cons=
ider compulsion.
2. Compulsion as Consequence of Intr=
onegation
Compulsion=
is according
to our ego analysis the coupled bifunction of introjection and
Also the
patriarchal Dur hard ego is an =
intronegation.
Since the dialectic here is of an intra-factorial nature, we will discuss t=
hese
dialectic processes only later with the tendency ego dialectic.
3. Negation
Negation (=
k‑) is ̴=
9;- as
we already explained ‑- the most frequent taking a position of the ego
opposite projection, inflation, abandonment and/or femininity. Those denying
and renouncing taking of a position express themselves as adaptation (Sch =3D ‑ ‑), as inhibition (Sch =3D ‑=
; +) and
often also as sick repression (Sch =
‑
0) or estrangement (Sch =3D ‑ ±). The detailed discussio=
n of
these manners of the systolic position-taking remains reserved for the next
part on the external defense doctrines. There we will discuss dialectically
also the quantitative hyper negation and catatonic forms of negativism.
4. The Complete Abolition of Ego Systole
The complete giving up of any taking a position<=
/i> in the
foreground is dynamic dialectically called the giving up of the dialectic
between ego systole and ego diastole. It has as a result: The uninhibited
projection (Sch =3D 0 ‑) or inflation (Sch =3D 0 +) or the abandonment a=
nd/or
the femininity (Sch =3D 0 ±) or more rarely also the =
complete
disintegration, which is the loss of the ego (Sch =3D 0 0) in th=
e foreground.
&nb=
sp;
*
The ego systole as the imprinting and incorporating=
ego
function is therefore the condition for any kind of symptom and character f=
ormation
in the area of neurosis formation. The loss of any ego systole is often an =
indication
of a possible psychosis (inflative or projective paranoid) or of the
abandonment of masculine strivings (homosexuality with the man or femininit=
y).
In the study of character, ego systole plays an important role in the struc=
ture
of the so-called extraverted type <=
/i>(C. G. Jung, Rorschach).6
Without ego systole the masculine D=
ur
ego also cannot develop. In the
socialization of the drives ego systole fulfills an important task through =
the
introjective occupation choices and through the adaptation by negation.
*
The most
important ideas concerning the dialectic between ego diastole and ego systo=
le
are summarized as the following:
1. We call=
the recognition
of the completion capability of the opposite functions ego diastole and ego=
systole
in the unity and health of the ego =
the
internal ego dialectic or internal defense.
2. The unity and health of the ego a=
re established and maintained through thi=
s p versus
k dialectic. This internal dialectic is established in the ego teaching=
s as
the fundamental originating and preserving principle of the unity of ego li=
fe. It defends against the internal ego da=
ngers.
3. The integrated ego: Sch =3D ± &=
plusmn; is the
ideal form of this dialectic. This form is in actually only exceptional=
ly attained,
since humans only rarely succeed in maintaining this so perfectly complete
coexistence and cooperation of ego expansion and ego contraction continuous=
ly so
that the unity of the ego would be secured as stationary. The ego of the ex=
treme
humanist can approximate this integration episodically -- this stage can ra=
rely
be retained however in the long run.
4. With most persons the ego life shifts
itself either in the direction of ego
diastole or in that of ego systole. In this manner occur the two promin=
ent ego
fate forms: The diastolic ego fate =
of p persons
and the systolic ego fate of k persons. We treated thes=
e two
forms of ego fates in detail in the second7 and in the third boo=
k8
of Fate Analysis [Schicksalsanalyse].
5. On the basis of this ego dialecti=
c we
classify mankind into the two categories of the “p persons” and the “k
persons.” Of these two ego categories of the human being
possibilities in our opinion all divisions of persons are based according t=
o character
types and experience types. What however so far was missing with these dual
typologies (in particular with those of C. G. Jung and H. Rorschach) is the
insight of the role the p and k radicals in the origin of the
described character types. Why? Because these
types are basic forms of ego fate. Only the discovery of these ego radi=
cals
p and k made it possible to fathom the fundamental essences of this
typology.
The fate o=
f the p versus k dialectic appears however to determine not only the fate of t=
he
individual but also that of peoples. There are communities that consist rat=
her
of p persons and other ones, ho=
wever,
rather of k persons. The choice=
of
the governments and the prominent persons in the politics of nations goes w=
ith one
people more in the direction of ego
expansion and with another however more in that of contraction.
6. The history of mankind consists of the=
fight
of the diastolic and systole counteracting forces among the peoples.
Wars develop constantly on the basis=
of
a people’s diastole. Peace results from the integration of diastole a=
nd systole
among the peoples. From this view of mankind’s history one must come =
to
the assertion that the collective e=
go
diastole among peoples was constantly stronger in history than the powe=
r of
the collective ego systole. And why? Because the collective integration
precisely was missing and because all efforts in the direction toward an
integration of the people’s diastole and systole equilibrium so often
malfunctioned.
The collective ego development of
mankind today in many places is on one side partly in the phase of the
participation of secondary projection (communist systems of government) and=
remained
stuck in inflation (fascist states) (p
peoples) and the other side partly stiffened into the phase of incorporatio=
n (great
capitalistic nations) (k people=
s). We
may not cling to great hopes for the near future regarding the possibility =
of an integration of the people’s e=
go existence
in form of a free democracy.
7. The complete stopping and dissolu=
tion
of the p versus k dialectic is called disintegration. In an individual’s =
life
disintegration (Sch =3D 0 0) is
accompanied by twilight conditions and absence of the ego in the foreground=
and
more rarely by continuing ego chang=
es
(for example with transvestites or bisexuals or the inverted). In the life =
of
peoples disintegration is called: Anarchy.
Chapter XVII
THE INNER FACTORIAL EGO DIALECTIC
On the Psychology of Abandonment, the Feminine, and
Matriarchal Moll Ego Versus the Compulsive, the Masculine, and Patriarchal =
Dur Ego
With the p versus k dialectic are those mutually completing itself opposite funct=
ion
of two root ego needs: The need after expansion in opposition to the need a=
fter
contraction of the ego field.
This diale=
ctic
is thus of a between factorial =
nature
and has the goal of securing the unity of the whole ego through the defense from internal dangers.
The inner factorial ego dialectic plays itself out howe=
ver
within a factor, that is in the sphere of activity of the p radical and
respectively the k radical.
In this ma=
nner
the ego dialectic of the reciprocal completing opposite functions are no ne=
eds
but only ego tendencies. We cal=
l it
also “tendency dialectic.R=
21;
Within the ego diastole (p radi=
cal) a
tendency dialectic takes place between projective participation and inflati=
on.
It is thus a p- against p+ dialectic. With the radical k: Between introjection and negati=
on. It
is the k+ against k‑ dialectic. The end goal of these two inner ego dialectics is the maintenance of
the functional unity of the ego diastole and/or the ego systole. Under
functional aspect are both manners of the inner dialectic bifunctions; that is two ego strivings penetrate at the same ti=
me onto
the front stage of the ego. In the test they are thus ambivalent ego reactions: p
± and/or k ±.
1. The Inner Dialectic of Ego Expans=
ion
Those comp=
leting
opposites of participative projection and inflation can appear in the ego l=
ife
in two forms:
a) as the abandonment of the ego
b) as the feminine and matriarchal Moll ego.=
a)
The Abandonment of the Ego
It is an empirically established fact that =
the
abandonment appears in the experiment test as the bifunction of the p factor and thus as the dialectic=
conflict
between projective participation (p=
-)
and inflation (p+). Their ego f=
orm
is: Sch =3D 0 ±. Two
ego-diastole ego strivings, which work in opposition, bring about therefore=
ego
psychologically the clinical picture of abandonment.
The one
striving, the tendency p‑,
wants to maintain further the lost, paradisiacal being one and being the sa=
me
with the unfaithful object. Since the person does not succeed with this, sh=
e accuses
the object of abandoning her and feels persecuted by the other (p‑).
The second striving, the tendency p+, makes the person presently con=
scious
of the fact of abandonment. Then however the person saves himself by doubling
of the ego, thus through inflat=
ion,
from the uncomfortable situation of the abandonment into an illusion world.=
After the person was abandoned by her
love object and continued to be tormented by the wish for being one with hi=
m, she
becomes simultaneous in her fantasy both: The love-seeking person and also
love-giving object.
In the ego
condition of abandonment the person is thus filled with opposite strivings.
These are:
1. The wis=
h for
continuation of the participative dual union and the drive to accuse the un=
faithful
dual partner (p‑);
2. The bec=
oming conscious
of actually being abandoned and the defense against this discomfort through=
the
doubling of the ego, that is, the formation of the illusion that one can be
both: The one giving love and the beloved (p+).
This p
± dialectic represents i=
ndeed
a difficult double splitting of the ego. It is not surprising that it only =
becomes
bearable by the maintenance of the dual union in the illusion and fantasy world through the mental doubling of the r=
oles
(p+), which the ego is forced t=
o play.
Precisely by this illusion of the double character of the loving one and th=
e beloved,
the ego succeeds in securing its unity regarding the expansion. If the
projection only worked as a unifunction (Sch
=3D 0 ‑), then the pe=
rson would
became a projective paranoid. H=
owever
if the inflation would be unifunctionally active, that is, without projecti=
ve
participation and working alone, then the person would be an inflative paranoid. In both extreme
cases the unity of the ego diastole breaks up in the foreground. The existi=
ng
dialectic between projective participation and inflation holds the two part=
functions
of the ego diastole together. I=
n the
condition of abandonment the person is thus protected by the simultaneous
inflative illusion and participation (p
±) of the double being against the danger of being persecuted (Sch =3D 0 ‑) and from =
megalomania (Sch =3D 0 +). The ego situation =
is indeed
illusionary and uncomfortable, but nevertheless not as unreal if it were the
pure projective or inflative paranoid.
b)
The Feminine and Mother-Like Moll Ego
We must prefix two observations befo=
re these
explanations:
First of all we speak here not of th=
e real woman but of the essence of womanliness. The essence thus refers here to discussions of both sexes, thus to the essence of fem=
ininity
with the woman and with the man.
Second, th=
at in
the mental reality of the woman ‑- as also the man -- consists of bot=
h the
feminine tender Moll tendency and the m=
asculine
hard Dur tendency. A human bein=
g is registered
only with one sexuality in the matricula neonatorum. Its soul remains constantly two sexual=
. Drive
psychologically one must express
however the sexuality by the Dur-Mo=
ll proportions.
This fact induced us in 1952 to prepare for the psychosexual drive proporti=
ons
an experimental procedure, the so-called “Dur-Moll
method.”9
The questi=
on,
which we discuss here, is however not the dialectic between the feminine Mo=
ll
tendency and the masculine Dur tendency, but that dialectic which takes pla=
ce within the femininity between the
participation (p-) and the infl=
ation
(p+), which represents itself i=
n the
existences. We ask here thus:
Our empirical
results supplied the basis for this question; those results clearly proved =
that
womanliness in the ego with both se=
xes
represents a coupled bifunction of ego diastole in the foreground in the for=
m: p ±.
The
interpretation of the ego forms:
1. =
; Sch =3D =
0 ± =3D
feminine Moll ego.
2. Sch =3D =
; + ± =
=3D
the acceptance and the introj=
ection
of the femininity.
3. =
; Sch =3D =
; - ± =3D the denial of the femininity.
4. S=
ch =3D =
±
± =3D
the
integration of the femininity and the masculinity in the ego.
These
interpretations proved sound in the past 15 years everywhere in the world. =
It
was proven that womanliness represents the bifunctional ego diastolic activ=
ity
of the radical p (in form of p ±) and that masculinity, =
on the
other hand, represents the bifunctional ego systolic activity of the radica=
l k (in form of k ±); both a=
re bound
mental features.
*
We now try=
to
answer the three raised questions e=
go analytically.
I. The participative (p‑) function
conditions the following essential traits of womanliness:
1. The dri=
ve to
go on the search to find a love object on the basis of a laid down (genotyp=
e) family
ancestor form. The seeking and finding of the love object according to Fate=
psychology
is brought about by shifting the ma=
sculine
ancestor form out of the familial u=
nconscious
by means of genotropism.
2. The ability to be one and the same w=
ith
this love object in love and marriage and to form with the love object a
participative woman and man dual un=
ion.
3. The Mol=
l ego
transfers through the participation its own power from the unconscious to the man. The ego, however, will have a share in =
this
power itself through its expanding =
the
power of the man and, consequently, will expand its own sphere of power. The
injury to this participative tendency after power expansion by the woman on=
the
part of the man is the everyday source of any dispute, separation and divor=
ce
in the dual union.
4.
The participation conditions the motherliness and thus the matriarchal being
one with the child in the dual =
union
of child and mother (embryonic phase, period of the nutrition, etc.).
5. The
matriarchal being one and the same with the group of the children and
grandchildren in the context of the family.
6. The matriarchal being one and being t=
he
same with the tribe and in particular with primitive tribes with mother
right.10
II. The following essential traits of
femininity are based on inflation:<=
/i>
1. In the dual union with the man, t=
he
wife can double herself so that in her ego she is both the wife receiving l=
ove
and also the loving man. The streng=
th of feeling
with the womanliness is based on inflation. She is at the same time the=
loved
woman and love-giving man.
2. As mother ‑- in the double =
unity
with the child ‑- the Moll ego doubles itself in a similar way. The t=
rue
mother feels all stirrings and strivings of the child also because precisel=
y in
her Moll ego she is simultaneous mother and child.
3. The form of power of the feminini=
ty
is: Being power. The feeling of=
the feminine
being power in love and maternity, in the family, and in the matriarc=
hal
village state feeds itself from the inflative source of the demand to be bo=
th
and to be everything. To femininity belongs a piece of the inflative power.=
III. The d=
ialectic
with femininity takes place thus between the poles of the participative bei=
ng
one with man, child, family and tribe and the inflative double being of the=
woman
and the man, double being of the mother and the child, and double being of =
the
collective family (tribe) and the personal woman.
From this
essential world view of the femininity, it becomes evident that the womanli=
ness
needs a complete specific ego expan=
ding p
function. It is thus not surprising that only few among the women and
mothers are able to live out this difficult ego function in reality without
thereby becoming ill.
The womanl=
iness
of the man is based likewise on the bifunction of synchronous participation=
and
inflation. If the man exclusively lives out in the foreground his Moll ego =
(p ±) and if he pushes his D=
ur ego
(k ±) into the backgroun=
d,
then we speak of an inverted
(homosexual) Moll ego.11
*
It is noteworthy here that in the eg=
o analytic
experiment testing the form of abandonment coincides with that of femininit=
y.
In both phenomena we find the same internal dialectic in the factor p between participative projection=
and inflation
without any position taken by the Dur ego (Sch
0 ±).
We had to =
learn over
the years that we have to take the results of the drive experiments also
seriously when the results seem for the time being paradoxical or incompreh=
ensible.
Here for example the question stands before us: How is it possible that the=
ego
analysis of the abandonment indicates the same processes as that of feminin=
ity?
Does the femininity really go along ‑- in isolated and pure form (Sch =3D 0 ±) -‑ with
abandonment? To this question we can say the following at present: First of=
all
the ego analytic experiment testing discloses constantly only the functional
essential structure of the deep mental processes, which stand behind the
phenomenon, never however the thema=
tic,
that is the contents, with which the concerned ego functions “wor=
k.”
That will thus mean: The mental processes of participation and inflation ca=
n be
ego psychological the same with
abandonment and femininity without<=
/i>
also the contents of these two
processes being the same. If we want to uncover the contents and not only the function mode with our experimental
procedure, then according to the choice test procedure we must employ the
“method of factor picture associations.”12 Secondly,=
the
ego functional connection between abandonment and femininity receives a
particular meaning when we try to interpret it under the aspect of an integrated ego. The integrated ego
contains, as is well known, both ego parts ‑- both the Moll ego and t=
he
Dur ego ‑- completely in itself. In the ego form of the Moll ego (Sch =3D 0 ±) is missing in =
fact the
Dur ego (Sch =3D ± 0), w=
hich completes
the whole ego and which is placed into the background. It would not be
therefore too daring to assume that the Moll ego became abandoned mentally =
in fact
by the Dur ego. The femininity woul=
d be
thus constantly a condition of inner abandonment ‑- namely abandoned =
by
its own and its complementary masculinity.
Here one c=
ould
object that the masculine Dur ego in its extreme manifestation (Sch =3D ± 0) is likewise “abandoned” by its own femininity, wh=
ich
it placed into the background (Sch =
=3D 0
±); it lives nevertheless free from the feeling of abandonment. This=
is
indeed quite often so. The man defeats his femininity and his abandonment
precisely with his Dur ego, that is, with the compulsion of his taking a
position (k ±) against t=
he
constantly present Moll ego tendencies. And because he possesses the power =
of
the Dur ego, he denies everything that is weak. Despite all this however in=
the
background continues to work the compulsive femininity in dreams, furthermo=
re
in the choice in love, in friendship, and often also in occupation. The more
masculine the Dur ego may appear, all the more strongly is his wish to
“abandon” the feminine partner or -- in socialized form -- to
protect the “abandoned.=
”
The operation of the “abandoned” of the background ego is thus =
here
genotropic.
2. The Inner Dialectic of Ego Contra=
ction
Those comp=
lementary
opposites in the radical k take=
place
between the two basic functions of =
introjection
and negation and between affirmation and denial. In particular this dialectic a) appears in the compulsive ego and b) in the masculine Dur ego.