THE SZONDI DRIVE TEST VALIDITY:
A CORRELATIONAL STUDY 
       Ida Maria Mello Schivitz1  Karen Mello Schivitz2 
                          Clara Juareza P. da Silva3
=================================       
ABSTRACT: This study’s intention is to prove the validity of the Szondi Drive Test, SDT,  comparing the Szondi Test with the Factorial Inventory Personality (IFP) test. The sample was collected from 301 subjects and the index was calculated among data with SSPS 10.0 with  the Factorial Matrix Correlation  (r of Pearson). The reliability research with itself, in this case, its Brazilian software, whose sample was based on the result of 122 people showed high reliability. The index was calculated with data based on the Factorial Matrix Correlation (r of Pearson), too. The result of this study has shown that there was a Szondi Test high reliability, but  its validity with IFP showed that there were some factors that measured the same psychological characteristics in the Szondi Test and in the  IFP. 
KEYS WORDS: Szondi Drive Test, Factorial Inventory Personality, IFP, Validity, Reliability
------------------------------------------------------------------------
       This study wants to prove the validity of the Szondi Drive Test, SDT, (1970), comparing it with the Factorial Inventory Personality, IFP, (1997), and the reliability comparing the original test with the Szondi software, because Brazilian Psychology Council requests  tests  validations (validation and reliability) with Brazilian inhabitants to be  used  in Brazil.
  The test IFP was selected because it works with some factors, seemingly similar to the Szondi's factors, although  IFP has sixteen factors and the Szondi Test has eight factors.  
      The test IFP was validated in Brazil by PhD Luiz Pasquali, Coordinator of Research Laboratory in Evaluation and Mesurement, in Brazilian University. 
      This validity study (validity and reliability) had the supervision of PhD Luiz Pasquali. 
      Thus the problem of  validity study was: 
“Would the Szondi Drive Test be valid in relation to the Factorial Inventory Personality IFP, and between which factors?” 
The hypothesis was that the Szondi Drive Test has a significant correlation among the  factors: homosexuality (h), sadism (s), epilepsy (e), hysteria (h), catatonia (k), paranoia (p), depression (d), and mania (m) and the  selected factors of the IFP: intraception, power, exhibition, aggression, caress, heterosexuality, affiliation and denegation.  
      For the validity study the sample had three hundred and one people from Rio Grande do Sul and Sгo Paulo, Brazil. From Rio Grande do Sul the people were one hundred and twenty-two Psychology students, sixteen weapon owners and six prisoners, data collecting by psychologists Ida Maria M. Schivitz and Karen M. Schivitz. 
      From Sгo Paulo, there were one hundred fifty-eight from weapon owners and clinics, with the data collecting collaborators psychologists Elisa Del Rosario Verduguez, Marlene Ignбcio, Margarete B. Vides, Clara Pedotto, Paula Beck Valente, coordenated by psychologist Clara Juareza Pereira da Silva. 
      According to the gender, there were one hundred eighty-three men and one hundred eighteen women. The ages varied from eighteen to sixty-five years. 
      About the obtained results: the index was calculated among data with the Factorial Matrix Correlation (r of Pearson) and used SSPS 10.0, being marked as significant correlation ≤ 0.05. 
      The Szondi's tests results were paired, because the IFP is in percentile, and Szondi Test evaluated with symbols. (Table 1).  
 
                     Table  1. Paired Szondi Test and IFP 
Value Szondi Test	Value IFP% 	Denomination 	Category 	
1(+),(0),1(-),(±),(±!)	Low 10 	Zero 	1	
(- ii), (- iii) 	11 to 20 	Inferior 	2	
(- i) 	21 to 40 	MiddleInferior 	3	
(-) (+)	41 to 60 	Middle 	4	
(+!)	61 to 80 	Middle Superior 	5	
(+!!) (+!!!)	81to100	Superior 	6	
 
      Applied Pearson Correlation in the factors that seemed to be similar contents among the Szondi Test and IFP factors verified that there are direct factors correlations between sadism factor (Szondi) with exhibition factor (IFP) and depression factor (Szondi) with heterosexuality factor (IFP) with significant correlation ≤ 0.05 bilateral. (Table 2)  

 
                     Table. 2.  Direct Factors Correlation 
SZONDI TEST	     IFP 	    r 	
Sadism 	Exhibition 	0.116*	
Catatonic 	Caress 	0.097	
Catatonic 	Affiliation 	0.091	
Depression 	Heterosexuality 	0.0138*	
Epilepsy 	Denegation 	0.101	
                        Significativity *0.05 (bilateral) 
      And indirect factors correlations between catatonic  factor (Szondi) with aggression  factor (IFP), and mania factor (Szondi) with aggression  factor (IFP), with significant correlation ≤0,05 bilateral. The indirect correlation shows that when one szondian factor is high, the IFP factor is low, and vice versa.  The psychoanalytical szondian theory explains this specific case. (Table 3) 
               Table  3.  Indirect Correlation  
Szondi Test	    IFP 	    r 	
Catatonic 	Aggression 	- 0.146*	
Mania 	Aggression 	- 0.114*	

 
                        Significativity *0.05 (bilateral) 
In this research the szondian vectors were verified in the: 
         Contact Vector (factors depression and mania), which  presents a direct significant correlation between depression and heterosexuality (IFP) and inverse  a significant correlation between the factor mania and aggression (IFP)  
         The szondian Sexuality Vector (factors sadism and homosexuality) presents direct significant correlation between sadism and exhibition (IFP). 
     Homosexuality did not present any significance with IFP.  
         The Vector Ego (factors catatonic and paranoia)   presented inverse significant correlation between the factors catatonic and aggression (IFP). 
     Paranoia did not present significant correlation with IFP. 
         The szondian Paroxysmal Vector did  not  present  significant correlation with the IFP. 
   Thus the szondian Contact Vector presents a high significant correlation in relation with the IFP; the Vectors Sexuality and Ego presents partial significant correlation and the paroxysmal Vector did not present significant correlation with IFP.  
      Another validity study was made with the Szondi Test, the Reliability Research, between the Szondi Test and, in this case, its Brazilian software, created by Schivitz & Schivitz4 where the Szondi Test showed high reliability, (0.01 and 0.05  bilateral significant correlation). 
            Thus the problem of  validity  study was:  
 
“Would the Szondi Drive Test be  reliability in relation to the Szondi software, and between which factors?” 
      This sample was collected with one hundred twenty-two Brazilian psychology students, from ULBRA, and  was collected by  Ida Maria M. Schivitz. 
 Thus six factors show significant correlation with ≤0.01 and two factors with ≤0.05 significant correlation, bilateral. (Table 4) 
             Table 4.  Szondi Test Reliability 
Homosexuality 	Homosexuality 	0.356**               	
Sadism 	Sadism 	0.306**	
Epilepsy 	Epilepsy 	0.185*                	
Hysteria 	Hysteria 	0.372**               	
Catatonic 	Catatonic 	0.326**               	
Paranoid 	Paranoid 	0.317**               	
Depressive 	Depressive 	0.188*   	
Mania 	Mania 	0.516**               	
                  Significativity * * 0.01, bilateral 
                  Significativity  * 0.05, bilateral  
      As for validation, the Szondi Test shows high reliability with its software but, it is difficult to get significant correlation between the Szondi and other psychological tests, because each instrument presents its peculiarities and the Szondi Test is only in its own proposal. 
      But this study has shown that there were factors that measured the same psychological characteristics in the Szondi Test and in the IFP and that the Contact Vector with its factors shows significant correlation with the IFP. 
==========================================
REFERENCES:
Szondi, L. (1970)  Tratado del Diagnуstico Experimental de los Instintos. Biblioteca Nueva    Almagro. Madrid.
Pasquali, L.& Azevedo M.& Ghesti, I.. (1997) Inventбrio Fatorial de Personalidade. IFP.   Casa do Psicуlogo. Livraria e Editora LTDA. S. Paulo. Brazil